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Legislation Publications Pension models About project Statistics

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. Overview of gender issues in pension systems from different countries
1.1. Pension system reform and gender equality issues
1.2. European Union countries with a developed „social state”
1.3. Post-socialistic countries

CHAPTER 2. Gender analysis of pension and labor legislation of the Republic of Moldova
2.1. International labor standards and national legislation of the Republic of Moldova
2.2. Legal insurance of equal access to labor and professional occupations: employment guarantees
2.3. Right to free choice of profession, professional training and retraining, professional promotion. Restrictions related to women’s work
2.4. Equal remuneration for the work of equal value
2.5. Right to healthy and safe working conditions. Guarantees and privileges for pregnancy and maternity
2.6. Right to social insurance including right to pension

CHAPTER 3. Analysis of demographic context of gender issues in the Republic of Moldova
3.1. Gender asymmetry of sex/age structure of the population of the Republic of Moldova
3.2. Differences in conditions and causes of mortality of men and women, men’s over mortality rate
3.3. Gender discrepancy of the indexes of life expectancy in Moldova and their dynamics
3.4. Life expectancy on pension
3.5. Gender differences in the correlation between the duration of the working life and life on pension
3.6. Impact of birthrate on the workers length of insured service

CHAPTER 4. Labor market of the Republic of Moldova and its impact on the trends of pension system reform: gender aspects
4.1. Economic activity, employment and unemployment
4.2. Employment by economic sectors

CHAPTER 5. Salaries and incomes

CHAPTER 6. Informal employment

CHAPTER 7. Issues of social breaks in employment

CHAPTER 8. Gender issues of current pensioners
8.1. Gender structure of pensioners

CHAPTER 9. Forecast of the specifics of pension insurance of men and women, pension transfers between sexes in the established pension system

CHAPTER 10. Gender analysis of the formulas for old-age pension calculation
10.1. Analysis of old pension formula for calculation of old-age pension
10.2. Analysis of the new pension formula for calculation of old-age pension
10.3. Change of gender discrepancy in pensions in the transition to the new pension formula

CHAPTER 11. Increase of the retirement age. Equalizing the retirement age?
11.1. Advantages and disadvantages of the retirement age increase and its “equalization” for men and women
11.2. Individual pension burden or correlation between the duration of the able-bodied age and duration of life on pension
11.3. Change of the probability of living until the retirement for men and women under different scenarios of the retirement age increase

CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY




Gender aspects of the Republic of Moldova’s pension system

11.3. Change of the probability of living until the retirement for men and women under different scenarios of the retirement age increase

At present in the Republic of Moldova under conditions of unfavorable demographic situation of citizens of the able-bodied age (who lived till the age of 15), only 64,6% of men and 87,9% of women (the gender difference of the values of this index constitutes 23,3%) shall live till the retirement age, established by the law (57 years for women and 62 years for men). Thus, under the existing limits of the capacity for work among potential payers of pension contributions almost each third man and eighth woman shall not live until the retirement.

In case of the retirement age increase the situation shall worsen, since the probability of living and working until the achievement by the able-bodied population of the new retirement threshold is decreasing.

Given the existing differences in the mortality rate of men and women, especially in able-bodied ages, it could be supposed that the increase of the retirement age shall have a different impact on men and women (see the Picture 41 and Table 7). Actually the higher is the age, the more considerable are the gender differences in the probability of living from the age of 15 up to this age. The retirement age differentiated by sex even increases the gender differences in the probability of living until the retirement.

Table  7.
Change of the probability of living until the retirement for men and women under different scenarios of the retirement age increase (in %).

 

Limits of the capacity for work

Limits of the capacity for work

Limits of the capacity for work

Limits of the capacity for work

15-57

15-62

15-62

16-62

15-60

15-65

15-65

15-65

wo-men

men

wo-men

men

wo-men

men

wo-men

men

Share of persons, who lived until the retirement among those who reached the able-bodied age (in %).

87,9

64,6

81,4

64,6

84,4

57,1

76,2

57,1

Gender differences in the share of persons who lived until the retirement (in %).

23,3

16,8

27,3

19,1

As it could be seen from the variants of the retirement age increase, presented on the Table 7, the minimal differences in the probability of living until the retirement are specific for the age of 62, equal for men and women.


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