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Legislation Publications Pension models About project Statistics

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. Overview of gender issues in pension systems from different countries
1.1. Pension system reform and gender equality issues
1.2. European Union countries with a developed „social state”
1.3. Post-socialistic countries

CHAPTER 2. Gender analysis of pension and labor legislation of the Republic of Moldova
2.1. International labor standards and national legislation of the Republic of Moldova
2.2. Legal insurance of equal access to labor and professional occupations: employment guarantees
2.3. Right to free choice of profession, professional training and retraining, professional promotion. Restrictions related to women’s work
2.4. Equal remuneration for the work of equal value
2.5. Right to healthy and safe working conditions. Guarantees and privileges for pregnancy and maternity
2.6. Right to social insurance including right to pension

CHAPTER 3. Analysis of demographic context of gender issues in the Republic of Moldova
3.1. Gender asymmetry of sex/age structure of the population of the Republic of Moldova
3.2. Differences in conditions and causes of mortality of men and women, men’s over mortality rate
3.3. Gender discrepancy of the indexes of life expectancy in Moldova and their dynamics
3.4. Life expectancy on pension
3.5. Gender differences in the correlation between the duration of the working life and life on pension
3.6. Impact of birthrate on the workers length of insured service

CHAPTER 4. Labor market of the Republic of Moldova and its impact on the trends of pension system reform: gender aspects
4.1. Economic activity, employment and unemployment
4.2. Employment by economic sectors

CHAPTER 5. Salaries and incomes

CHAPTER 6. Informal employment

CHAPTER 7. Issues of social breaks in employment

CHAPTER 8. Gender issues of current pensioners
8.1. Gender structure of pensioners

CHAPTER 9. Forecast of the specifics of pension insurance of men and women, pension transfers between sexes in the established pension system

CHAPTER 10. Gender analysis of the formulas for old-age pension calculation
10.1. Analysis of old pension formula for calculation of old-age pension
10.2. Analysis of the new pension formula for calculation of old-age pension
10.3. Change of gender discrepancy in pensions in the transition to the new pension formula

CHAPTER 11. Increase of the retirement age. Equalizing the retirement age?
11.1. Advantages and disadvantages of the retirement age increase and its “equalization” for men and women
11.2. Individual pension burden or correlation between the duration of the able-bodied age and duration of life on pension
11.3. Change of the probability of living until the retirement for men and women under different scenarios of the retirement age increase

CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY




Gender aspects of the Republic of Moldova’s pension system

3.5. Gender differences in the correlation between the duration of the working life and life on pension


Picture 7. Correlation between the average life expectancy on pension and duration of able-bodied age by sex and country.
Source: Calculations based on the data of the National Statistics Bureau of the Republic of Moldova; calculations based on the data of the International Association of Pension and Social Funds of CIS and Baltic countries.

The correlation between the life expectancy on pension and duration of the able-bodied age differs for men and women. For Moldovan men this correlation is one of the lowest in the world (and amongst the countries presented in the picture 7 it is also the lowest) – about 24%. Such unexpected result is a consequence of low men’s life expectancy on pension and quite high threshold of their retirement age. As for women the correlation between the life expectancy on pension and duration of the able-bodied age is higher than men’s (41%), however it is lower than average international values.

As result the life expectancy on pension for Moldovan population (both women and men) is lower than in many world countries. If compare the life expectancy on pension with the full duration of the life, it is to be mentioned that in the Republic of Moldova the average women  actually spend on pension 29% out of their life and men – about 19%. Only the population of Denmark, Poland and Kazakhstan has quite similar indexes for men (19-20%). At the same time the male population from France, Tajikistan and Germany live on pension 26-39% of their life.

As for women the correlation between the life expectancy on pension and duration of the able-bodied age is also quite low. It is enough to mention that in France, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus the women live on pension 35-36% of their life.


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