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Legislation Publications Pension models About project Statistics
Legislation Publications Pension models About project Statistics

1. Introduction

2. Fundamentals of Moldova’s Pension Legislation
2.1. General Principles
2.2. Insurance Contributions and the Tax Base
2.3. Types of Pensions and Terms and Conditions of Their Assignment
2.3.1. Old-age Pensions
2.3.2. Invalidity Pensions
2.3.3. Survivor’s Pensions
2.3.4. Pensions to Specific Categories of Population
2.3.5. Social Pensions/Benefits
2.3.6. Pensions Paid at the Account of the State Budget
2.4. The Minimal Pension and Guaranteed Minimum
2.5. Pension Indexing

3. The Present-Day Demographic Setting
3.1. General Population Changes
3.2. Fertility
3.3. Mortality and Life Expectancy
3.4. Population Growth and Migration
3.5. The Base Demographic Forecast

4. Demographic Trends in the Economic Activity of the Population
4.1. Demographic Factors Affecting the Number of Population at the Economically Active Age
4.2. The Profiles and Dynamics of the Economic Activity of the Population
4.3. Projection Scenarios for the Economic Activity of the Population

5. General Employment Issues

6. Payers of Pension Contributions
6.1. The Profile and Number of Pension Contribution Payers
6.2. Projection Scenarios for Insurance Contribution Payers

7. Recipients of Pensions/Benefits
7.1. Profile of Pension Recipients
7.2. Old-Age Pensioners
7.3. Invalidity Pensioners
7.4. Recipients of Pensions for Survivors
7.5. Recipients of Social Pensions/Benefits
7.6. Forecast of Pensioner Numbers

8. Present-Day Macroeconomic Environment
8.1. Historical Background
8.2. Base Macroeconomic Forecast

9. Software Complex
9.1. Mission and Structure of the Software
9.2. Computation Scenario Block
9.3. Demography Block
9.4. Macroeconomics Block
9.5. Receipts Block (Calculation of Contributions)
9.6. Expenditure Block
9.7. Output and Reports

10. Approbation of the Model
10.1. Modelling Scenarios
10.2. Simulation Output
10.3. Computations on the Pension Calculator

Annex 1. Base scenario




Development of the Analytical Model of the Republic of Moldova’s Pension System

3. The Present-Day Demographic Setting

3.1. General Population Changes

The last decade of the 20th century saw essential changes in Moldova’s demographic tendencies which can be traced in population numbers. Table 3.1 gives data on population numbers in their differentiation by sex. The figures say that in 1970-1990 the population was monotone increasing from 3.57 to 4.36 million persons, an increase of more than 22 % over 20 years. After 1990 population of the Republic of Moldova started to diminish and in 2003 its number was 4.23 million, an average annual loss of around 10 thousand persons over that period (see Fig. 3.1).

Table 3.1: Population, by sex

Year

Numbers, ‘000 pers.

% of the total

Number of women per 100 men

Total

Men

Women

Men

Women

1970

3,568.9

1,662.3

1,906.6

46.6

53.4

115

1979

3,947.4

1,858.4

2,089.0

47.1

52.9

112

1989

4,337.6

2,058.2

2,279.4

47.5

52.5

111

1990

4,361.6

2,077.8

2,283.8

47.6

52.4

110

1995*

4,347.9

2,076.7

2,271.2

47.8

52.2

109

1996*

4,334.4

2,071.0

2,263.4

47.8

52.2

109

1997*

4,320.0

2,064.5

2,255.5

47.8

52.2

109

1998*

4,304.7

2,057.5

2,247.2

47.8

52.2

109

1999*

4,293.0

2,052.0

2,241.0

47.8

52.2

109

2000*

4,281.5

2,046.5

2,235.0

47.8

52.2

109

2001*

4,264.3

2,038.3

2,226.0

47.8

52.2

109

2002*

4,247.7

2,032.2

2,215.5

47.8

52.2

109

2003*

4,228.9

2,021.4

2,207.5

47.8

52.2

109

* Data for the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova.

In the context of sex, age, or residence (urban/rural area) the above population changes were going at different pace. Most obvious are changes in the proportion of urban/rural population (see Table 3.2). Over the period of 1970-1990 the urban population increased by almost 16 %, over the following 13 years it declined by 2 % and in 2003 made up 45.3 % of the total population or 41 % of the total, if population of Transnistria and Bendery Municipy is excluded (see Table 3.3)

 

Fig. 3.1. Population changes in Moldova, in differentiation by sex and residence

Table 3.2: Population, by location of residence

Year

Numbers, ‘000 pers.

% of the total

Population density, pers./sq. km

Total

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

1970

3,568.9

1,130.1

2,438.8

31.7

68.3

105.6

1979

3,947.4

1,551.1

2,396.3

39.3

60.7

116.8

1989

4,337.6

2,036.4

2,301.2

46.9

53.1

128.3

1990

4,361.6

2,069.3

2,292.3

47.4

52.6

129.0

1995*

4,347.9

2,033.0

2,314.9

46.8

53.2

128.6

1996*

4,334.4

2,004.1

2,330.3

46.2

53.8

128.2

1997*

4,320.0

1,995.3

2,324.7

46.2

53.8

127.8

1998*

4,304.7

1,987.3

2,317.4

46.2

53.8

127.4

1999*

4,293.0

1,976.3

2,316.7

46.0

54.0

127.0

2000*

4,281.5

1,968.5

2,313.0

46.0

54.0

126.7

2001*

4,264.3

1,933.9

2,330.4

45.4

54.6

126.2

2002*

4,247.7

1,925.2

2,322.5

45.3

54.7

125.7

2003*

4,228.9

1,916.6

2,312.3

45.3

54.7

125.1

The population was gradually ageing during the whole period observed, 1970-2002 (see Table 3.4). In 1970 there were 9.7 persons above 60 per 100 persons of population, the figure rose to 12.8 by 1990 and to 13.8 by 2004. There was a simultaneous and rather sharp decline in the number of children under 15. In 1995 children made up 28.6 % of the population, while just 21.8 % in 2004. Thus the children’s share in the population was decreasing at the average rate of 0.5 percentage points per year during the last 15 years.

Table 3.3: Population, by residence and sex*

Year

Urban

Rural

Total population

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

1998

n.a.

n.a.

1,750.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,905.4

n.a.

n.a.

3,655.6

1999

n.a.

n.a.

1,747.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,902.7

n.a.

n.a.

3,649.9

2000

730.8

783.4

1,514.2

1,013.7

1,116.2

2,129.9

1,744.5

1,899.6

3,644.1

2001

718.1

768.3

1,486.4

1,022.5

1,128.0

2,150.5

1,740.6

1,896.3

3,636.9

2002

717.2

768.0

1,485.2

1,020.3

1,122.3

2,142.6

1,737.6

1,890.3

3,627.8

2003

716.4

767.7

1,484.1

1,016.9

1,117.3

2,134.2

1,733.3

1,885.0

3,618.3

2004

713.5

764.4

1,477.9

1,014.9

1,114.6

2,129.5

1,728.4

1,879.0

3,607.4

* Population of Transnistria and the Bendery Municipy excluded.

Table 3.4: Number of persons of a specified age per 100 persons of population

Age

1970

1980

1985

1990

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

60 +

9.7

10.7

11.7

12.8

13.1

13.1

13.3

13.5

13.6

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.9

13.8

0-15

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

28.6

28.1

27.5

27.2

26.3

25.3

24.3

23.2

22.7

21.8

Since 1970 the male/female population ratio has been most stable of all Moldova’s population indices analysed (see Table 3.1). It was but before 1990 that an insignificant variation of this ratio was registered. Then the men’s share in the population rose by 1 percentage point, while staying at the constant level of 47.8 % in the following years.

Age structure of the Moldova’s population is displayed in Table 3.5. It is peculiar for high demographic waves that are a consequence of the upheavals and wars the Republic experienced in the 20th century together with other countries of the former Soviet Union. In more details the age and sex structure of the Moldova’s population is displayed in Fig. 3.2 where it is differentiated both by sex and location of residence.

The diagrams show that men and women have similar age structures. It is true of the Republic as a whole, as well as of urban and rural populations in particular. Difference can be found at the level of relatively older age groups, where the women’s structure has a ‘heavier’ top, irrespective of residence. Then, as regards to the urban/rural population pyramid, its urban portion has a more massive ‘middle’ in the age interval between 35 and 55 years. The first difference is a direct result of a higher women’s life expectancy as compared with men’s (see below), while the latter one is likely to be attributed to the above-mentioned fast growth of the urban population during the period of 1970-1990.

Subject to such demographic trends the women’s population of Moldova reached the number of 1,885,004 persons in 2003. Women constitute the majority of the country’s population or 52.2 %. But women are not prevailing within all age groups. Among children and young people under 30 there are more male persons than female. In older age groups women do not merely predominate in number but there is a clear correlation, the older is the age group the greater is the women’s share therein. For example, if in the 30-35 age group there are 1019 women per 1000 men, the corresponding ratio for the 85+ age group will be 2684 to 1000 (see Fig. 3.3). In 2003 women were on average 3.2 years older than men, for the women’s average age was 35.4 years while men’s – 32.2.

Table 3.5: Age structure of the Moldova’s population

Age group

1995*

1996*

1997*

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0-4

337,905

318,245

298,565

244,964

229,349

215,264

204,039

195,241

5-9

424,724

411,677

391,446

322,388

304,896

288,968

273,407

258,291

10-14

403,667

412,186

423,194

367,741

366,934

361,581

350,745

334,311

15-19

364,576

366,219

369,419

323,253

334,342

343,042

353,422

363,089

20-24

310,987

327,086

341,019

296,681

301,878

305,849

308,739

313,511

25-29

279,905

276,986

274,859

229,539

236,842

253,576

271,668

285,403

30-34

338,746

317,761

301,055

241,093

233,338

224,946

221,244

219,603

35-39

357,549

363,293

363,134

299,885

290,985

276,645

259,489

246,405

40-44

329,837

324,716

324,424

279,471

285,857

291,305

296,272

296,399

45-49

216,477

257,877

286,075

260,832

267,438

264,765

261,370

262,340

50-54

198,400

176,601

158,757

127,319

140,657

169,715

203,391

227,157

55-59

214,894

210,887

212,973

170,501

161,156

152,113

135,951

122,390

60-64

177,715

176,956

179,539

152,220

156,445

154,597

151,820

154,564

65-69

163,070

162,442

161,897

136,067

130,541

126,904

127,242

129,201

70-74

115,097

116,378

115,826

100,584

103,793

106,405

105,831

106,526

75-79

53,754

57,708

64,223

60,300

64,996

66,550

67,930

68,006

80-84

41,146

38,676

34,654

26,975

24,993

25,349

26,959

30,713

85+

17,236

16,176

16,454

15,746

15,490

16,496

15,593

14,662

* Data are given for the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova.The population was gradually ageing during the whole period observed, 1970-2002 (see Table 3.4). In 1970 there were 9.7 persons above 60 per 100 persons of population, the figure rose to 12.8 by 1990 and to 13.8 by 2004. There was a simultaneous and rather sharp decline in the number of children under 15. In 1995 children made up 28.6 % of the population, while just 21.8 % in 2004. Thus the children’s share in the population was decreasing at the average rate of 0.5 percentage points per year during the last 15 years.

Table 3.3: Population, by residence and sex*

Year

Urban

Rural

Total population

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

1998

n.a.

n.a.

1,750.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,905.4

n.a.

n.a.

3,655.6

1999

n.a.

n.a.

1,747.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,902.7

n.a.

n.a.

3,649.9

2000

730.8

783.4

1,514.2

1,013.7

1,116.2

2,129.9

1,744.5

1,899.6

3,644.1

2001

718.1

768.3

1,486.4

1,022.5

1,128.0

2,150.5

1,740.6

1,896.3

3,636.9

2002

717.2

768.0

1,485.2

1,020.3

1,122.3

2,142.6

1,737.6

1,890.3

3,627.8

2003

716.4

767.7

1,484.1

1,016.9

1,117.3

2,134.2

1,733.3

1,885.0

3,618.3

2004

713.5

764.4

1,477.9

1,014.9

1,114.6

2,129.5

1,728.4

1,879.0

3,607.4

* Population of Transnistria and the Bendery Municipy excluded.

Table 3.4: Number of persons of a specified age per 100 persons of population

Age

1970

1980

1985

1990

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

60 +

9.7

10.7

11.7

12.8

13.1

13.1

13.3

13.5

13.6

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.9

13.8

0-15

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

28.6

28.1

27.5

27.2

26.3

25.3

24.3

23.2

22.7

21.8

Since 1970 the male/female population ratio has been most stable of all Moldova’s population indices analysed (see Table 3.1). It was but before 1990 that an insignificant variation of this ratio was registered. Then the men’s share in the population rose by 1 percentage point, while staying at the constant level of 47.8 % in the following years.

Age structure of the Moldova’s population is displayed in Table 3.5. It is peculiar for high demographic waves that are a consequence of the upheavals and wars the Republic experienced in the 20th century together with other countries of the former Soviet Union. In more details the age and sex structure of the Moldova’s population is displayed in Fig. 3.2 where it is differentiated both by sex and location of residence.

The diagrams show that men and women have similar age structures. It is true of the Republic as a whole, as well as of urban and rural populations in particular. Difference can be found at the level of relatively older age groups, where the women’s structure has a ‘heavier’ top, irrespective of residence. Then, as regards to the urban/rural population pyramid, its urban portion has a more massive ‘middle’ in the age interval between 35 and 55 years. The first difference is a direct result of a higher women’s life expectancy as compared with men’s (see below), while the latter one is likely to be attributed to the above-mentioned fast growth of the urban population during the period of 1970-1990.

Subject to such demographic trends the women’s population of Moldova reached the number of 1,885,004 persons in 2003. Women constitute the majority of the country’s population or 52.2 %. But women are not prevailing within all age groups. Among children and young people under 30 there are more male persons than female. In older age groups women do not merely predominate in number but there is a clear correlation, the older is the age group the greater is the women’s share therein. For example, if in the 30-35 age group there are 1019 women per 1000 men, the corresponding ratio for the 85+ age group will be 2684 to 1000 (see Fig. 3.3). In 2003 women were on average 3.2 years older than men, for the women’s average age was 35.4 years while men’s – 32.2.

Table 3.5: Age structure of the Moldova’s population

Age group

1995*

1996*

1997*

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0-4

337,905

318,245

298,565

244,964

229,349

215,264

204,039

195,241

5-9

424,724

411,677

391,446

322,388

304,896

288,968

273,407

258,291

10-14

403,667

412,186

423,194

367,741

366,934

361,581

350,745

334,311

15-19

364,576

366,219

369,419

323,253

334,342

343,042

353,422

363,089

20-24

310,987

327,086

341,019

296,681

301,878

305,849

308,739

313,511

25-29

279,905

276,986

274,859

229,539

236,842

253,576

271,668

285,403

30-34

338,746

317,761

301,055

241,093

233,338

224,946

221,244

219,603

35-39

357,549

363,293

363,134

299,885

290,985

276,645

259,489

246,405

40-44

329,837

324,716

324,424

279,471

285,857

291,305

296,272

296,399

45-49

216,477

257,877

286,075

260,832

267,438

264,765

261,370

262,340

50-54

198,400

176,601

158,757

127,319

140,657

169,715

203,391

227,157

55-59

214,894

210,887

212,973

170,501

161,156

152,113

135,951

122,390

60-64

177,715

176,956

179,539

152,220

156,445

154,597

151,820

154,564

65-69

163,070

162,442

161,897

136,067

130,541

126,904

127,242

129,201

70-74

115,097

116,378

115,826

100,584

103,793

106,405

105,831

106,526

75-79

53,754

57,708

64,223

60,300

64,996

66,550

67,930

68,006

80-84

41,146

38,676

34,654

26,975

24,993

25,349

26,959

30,713

85+

17,236

16,176

16,454

15,746

15,490

16,496

15,593

14,662

* Data are given for the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova.

 

Fig. 3.2. Age and sex structure of the Moldova’s population, 2003.

Fig. 3.3. Number of women per 1000 men of a corresponding age


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Home
Legislation Publications Pension models About project Statistics
Legislation Publications Pension models About project Statistics

1. Introduction

2. Fundamentals of Moldovas Pension Legislation
2.1. General Principles
2.2. Insurance Contributions and the Tax Base
2.3. Types of Pensions and Terms and Conditions of Their Assignment
2.3.1. Old-age Pensions
2.3.2. Invalidity Pensions
2.3.3. Survivors Pensions
2.3.4. Pensions to Specific Categories of Population
2.3.5. Social Pensions/Benefits
2.3.6. Pensions Paid at the Account of the State Budget
2.4. The Minimal Pension and Guaranteed Minimum
2.5. Pension Indexing

3. The Present-Day Demographic Setting
3.1. General Population Changes
3.2. Fertility
3.3. Mortality and Life Expectancy
3.4. Population Growth and Migration
3.5. The Base Demographic Forecast

4. Demographic Trends in the Economic Activity of the Population
4.1. Demographic Factors Affecting the Number of Population at the Economically Active Age
4.2. The Profiles and Dynamics of the Economic Activity of the Population
4.3. Projection Scenarios for the Economic Activity of the Population

5. General Employment Issues

6. Payers of Pension Contributions
6.1. The Profile and Number of Pension Contribution Payers
6.2. Projection Scenarios for Insurance Contribution Payers

7. Recipients of Pensions/Benefits
7.1. Profile of Pension Recipients
7.2. Old-Age Pensioners
7.3. Invalidity Pensioners
7.4. Recipients of Pensions for Survivors
7.5. Recipients of Social Pensions/Benefits
7.6.Forecast of Pensioner Numbers

8. Present-Day Macroeconomic Environment
8.1. Historical Background
8.2. Base Macroeconomic Forecast

9. Software Complex
9.1. Mission and Structure of the Software
9.2. Computation Scenario Block
9.3. Demography Block
9.4. Macroeconomics Block
9.5. Receipts Block (Calculation of Contributions)
9.6. Expenditure Block
9.7. Output and Reports

10. Approbation of the Model
10.1. Modelling Scenarios
10.2. Simulation Output
10.3. Computations on the Pension Calculator

Annex 1. Base scenario




Development of the Analytical Model of the Republic of Moldovas Pension System

3. The Present-Day Demographic Setting

3.1. General Population Changes

The last decade of the 20th century saw essential changes in Moldovas demographic tendencies which can be traced in population numbers. Table 3.1 gives data on population numbers in their differentiation by sex. The figures say that in 1970-1990 the population was monotone increasing from 3.57 to 4.36 million persons, an increase of more than 22 % over 20 years. After 1990 population of the Republic of Moldova started to diminish and in 2003 its number was 4.23 million, an average annual loss of around 10 thousand persons over that period (see Fig. 3.1).

Table 3.1: Population, by sex

Year

Numbers, 000 pers.

% of the total

Number of women per 100 men

Total

Men

Women

Men

Women

1970

3,568.9

1,662.3

1,906.6

46.6

53.4

115

1979

3,947.4

1,858.4

2,089.0

47.1

52.9

112

1989

4,337.6

2,058.2

2,279.4

47.5

52.5

111

1990

4,361.6

2,077.8

2,283.8

47.6

52.4

110

1995*

4,347.9

2,076.7

2,271.2

47.8

52.2

109

1996*

4,334.4

2,071.0

2,263.4

47.8

52.2

109

1997*

4,320.0

2,064.5

2,255.5

47.8

52.2

109

1998*

4,304.7

2,057.5

2,247.2

47.8

52.2

109

1999*

4,293.0

2,052.0

2,241.0

47.8

52.2

109

2000*

4,281.5

2,046.5

2,235.0

47.8

52.2

109

2001*

4,264.3

2,038.3

2,226.0

47.8

52.2

109

2002*

4,247.7

2,032.2

2,215.5

47.8

52.2

109

2003*

4,228.9

2,021.4

2,207.5

47.8

52.2

109

* Data for the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova.

In the context of sex, age, or residence (urban/rural area) the above population changes were going at different pace. Most obvious are changes in the proportion of urban/rural population (see Table 3.2). Over the period of 1970-1990 the urban population increased by almost 16 %, over the following 13 years it declined by 2 % and in 2003 made up 45.3 % of the total population or 41 % of the total, if population of Transnistria and Bendery Municipy is excluded (see Table 3.3)

 

Fig. 3.1. Population changes in Moldova, in differentiation by sex and residence

Table 3.2: Population, by location of residence

Year

Numbers, 000 pers.

% of the total

Population density, pers./sq. km

Total

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

1970

3,568.9

1,130.1

2,438.8

31.7

68.3

105.6

1979

3,947.4

1,551.1

2,396.3

39.3

60.7

116.8

1989

4,337.6

2,036.4

2,301.2

46.9

53.1

128.3

1990

4,361.6

2,069.3

2,292.3

47.4

52.6

129.0

1995*

4,347.9

2,033.0

2,314.9

46.8

53.2

128.6

1996*

4,334.4

2,004.1

2,330.3

46.2

53.8

128.2

1997*

4,320.0

1,995.3

2,324.7

46.2

53.8

127.8

1998*

4,304.7

1,987.3

2,317.4

46.2

53.8

127.4

1999*

4,293.0

1,976.3

2,316.7

46.0

54.0

127.0

2000*

4,281.5

1,968.5

2,313.0

46.0

54.0

126.7

2001*

4,264.3

1,933.9

2,330.4

45.4

54.6

126.2

2002*

4,247.7

1,925.2

2,322.5

45.3

54.7

125.7

2003*

4,228.9

1,916.6

2,312.3

45.3

54.7

125.1

The population was gradually ageing during the whole period observed, 1970-2002 (see Table 3.4). In 1970 there were 9.7 persons above 60 per 100 persons of population, the figure rose to 12.8 by 1990 and to 13.8 by 2004. There was a simultaneous and rather sharp decline in the number of children under 15. In 1995 children made up 28.6 % of the population, while just 21.8 % in 2004. Thus the childrens share in the population was decreasing at the average rate of 0.5 percentage points per year during the last 15 years.

Table 3.3: Population, by residence and sex*

Year

Urban

Rural

Total population

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

1998

n.a.

n.a.

1,750.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,905.4

n.a.

n.a.

3,655.6

1999

n.a.

n.a.

1,747.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,902.7

n.a.

n.a.

3,649.9

2000

730.8

783.4

1,514.2

1,013.7

1,116.2

2,129.9

1,744.5

1,899.6

3,644.1

2001

718.1

768.3

1,486.4

1,022.5

1,128.0

2,150.5

1,740.6

1,896.3

3,636.9

2002

717.2

768.0

1,485.2

1,020.3

1,122.3

2,142.6

1,737.6

1,890.3

3,627.8

2003

716.4

767.7

1,484.1

1,016.9

1,117.3

2,134.2

1,733.3

1,885.0

3,618.3

2004

713.5

764.4

1,477.9

1,014.9

1,114.6

2,129.5

1,728.4

1,879.0

3,607.4

* Population of Transnistria and the Bendery Municipy excluded.

Table 3.4: Number of persons of a specified age per 100 persons of population

Age

1970

1980

1985

1990

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

60 +

9.7

10.7

11.7

12.8

13.1

13.1

13.3

13.5

13.6

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.9

13.8

0-15

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

28.6

28.1

27.5

27.2

26.3

25.3

24.3

23.2

22.7

21.8

Since 1970 the male/female population ratio has been most stable of all Moldovas population indices analysed (see Table 3.1). It was but before 1990 that an insignificant variation of this ratio was registered. Then the mens share in the population rose by 1 percentage point, while staying at the constant level of 47.8 % in the following years.

Age structure of the Moldovas population is displayed in Table 3.5. It is peculiar for high demographic waves that are a consequence of the upheavals and wars the Republic experienced in the 20th century together with other countries of the former Soviet Union. In more details the age and sex structure of the Moldovas population is displayed in Fig. 3.2 where it is differentiated both by sex and location of residence.

The diagrams show that men and women have similar age structures. It is true of the Republic as a whole, as well as of urban and rural populations in particular. Difference can be found at the level of relatively older age groups, where the womens structure has a heavier top, irrespective of residence. Then, as regards to the urban/rural population pyramid, its urban portion has a more massive middle in the age interval between 35 and 55 years. The first difference is a direct result of a higher womens life expectancy as compared with mens (see below), while the latter one is likely to be attributed to the above-mentioned fast growth of the urban population during the period of 1970-1990.

Subject to such demographic trends the womens population of Moldova reached the number of 1,885,004 persons in 2003. Women constitute the majority of the countrys population or 52.2 %. But women are not prevailing within all age groups. Among children and young people under 30 there are more male persons than female. In older age groups women do not merely predominate in number but there is a clear correlation, the older is the age group the greater is the womens share therein. For example, if in the 30-35 age group there are 1019 women per 1000 men, the corresponding ratio for the 85+ age group will be 2684 to 1000 (see Fig. 3.3). In 2003 women were on average 3.2 years older than men, for the womens average age was 35.4 years while mens 32.2.

Table 3.5: Age structure of the Moldovas population

Age group

1995*

1996*

1997*

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0-4

337,905

318,245

298,565

244,964

229,349

215,264

204,039

195,241

5-9

424,724

411,677

391,446

322,388

304,896

288,968

273,407

258,291

10-14

403,667

412,186

423,194

367,741

366,934

361,581

350,745

334,311

15-19

364,576

366,219

369,419

323,253

334,342

343,042

353,422

363,089

20-24

310,987

327,086

341,019

296,681

301,878

305,849

308,739

313,511

25-29

279,905

276,986

274,859

229,539

236,842

253,576

271,668

285,403

30-34

338,746

317,761

301,055

241,093

233,338

224,946

221,244

219,603

35-39

357,549

363,293

363,134

299,885

290,985

276,645

259,489

246,405

40-44

329,837

324,716

324,424

279,471

285,857

291,305

296,272

296,399

45-49

216,477

257,877

286,075

260,832

267,438

264,765

261,370

262,340

50-54

198,400

176,601

158,757

127,319

140,657

169,715

203,391

227,157

55-59

214,894

210,887

212,973

170,501

161,156

152,113

135,951

122,390

60-64

177,715

176,956

179,539

152,220

156,445

154,597

151,820

154,564

65-69

163,070

162,442

161,897

136,067

130,541

126,904

127,242

129,201

70-74

115,097

116,378

115,826

100,584

103,793

106,405

105,831

106,526

75-79

53,754

57,708

64,223

60,300

64,996

66,550

67,930

68,006

80-84

41,146

38,676

34,654

26,975

24,993

25,349

26,959

30,713

85+

17,236

16,176

16,454

15,746

15,490

16,496

15,593

14,662

* Data are given for the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova.The population was gradually ageing during the whole period observed, 1970-2002 (see Table 3.4). In 1970 there were 9.7 persons above 60 per 100 persons of population, the figure rose to 12.8 by 1990 and to 13.8 by 2004. There was a simultaneous and rather sharp decline in the number of children under 15. In 1995 children made up 28.6 % of the population, while just 21.8 % in 2004. Thus the childrens share in the population was decreasing at the average rate of 0.5 percentage points per year during the last 15 years.

Table 3.3: Population, by residence and sex*

Year

Urban

Rural

Total population

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

Men

Women

Total

1998

n.a.

n.a.

1,750.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,905.4

n.a.

n.a.

3,655.6

1999

n.a.

n.a.

1,747.2

n.a.

n.a.

1,902.7

n.a.

n.a.

3,649.9

2000

730.8

783.4

1,514.2

1,013.7

1,116.2

2,129.9

1,744.5

1,899.6

3,644.1

2001

718.1

768.3

1,486.4

1,022.5

1,128.0

2,150.5

1,740.6

1,896.3

3,636.9

2002

717.2

768.0

1,485.2

1,020.3

1,122.3

2,142.6

1,737.6

1,890.3

3,627.8

2003

716.4

767.7

1,484.1

1,016.9

1,117.3

2,134.2

1,733.3

1,885.0

3,618.3

2004

713.5

764.4

1,477.9

1,014.9

1,114.6

2,129.5

1,728.4

1,879.0

3,607.4

* Population of Transnistria and the Bendery Municipy excluded.

Table 3.4: Number of persons of a specified age per 100 persons of population

Age

1970

1980

1985

1990

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

60 +

9.7

10.7

11.7

12.8

13.1

13.1

13.3

13.5

13.6

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.9

13.8

0-15

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

28.6

28.1

27.5

27.2

26.3

25.3

24.3

23.2

22.7

21.8

Since 1970 the male/female population ratio has been most stable of all Moldovas population indices analysed (see Table 3.1). It was but before 1990 that an insignificant variation of this ratio was registered. Then the mens share in the population rose by 1 percentage point, while staying at the constant level of 47.8 % in the following years.

Age structure of the Moldovas population is displayed in Table 3.5. It is peculiar for high demographic waves that are a consequence of the upheavals and wars the Republic experienced in the 20th century together with other countries of the former Soviet Union. In more details the age and sex structure of the Moldovas population is displayed in Fig. 3.2 where it is differentiated both by sex and location of residence.

The diagrams show that men and women have similar age structures. It is true of the Republic as a whole, as well as of urban and rural populations in particular. Difference can be found at the level of relatively older age groups, where the womens structure has a heavier top, irrespective of residence. Then, as regards to the urban/rural population pyramid, its urban portion has a more massive middle in the age interval between 35 and 55 years. The first difference is a direct result of a higher womens life expectancy as compared with mens (see below), while the latter one is likely to be attributed to the above-mentioned fast growth of the urban population during the period of 1970-1990.

Subject to such demographic trends the womens population of Moldova reached the number of 1,885,004 persons in 2003. Women constitute the majority of the countrys population or 52.2 %. But women are not prevailing within all age groups. Among children and young people under 30 there are more male persons than female. In older age groups women do not merely predominate in number but there is a clear correlation, the older is the age group the greater is the womens share therein. For example, if in the 30-35 age group there are 1019 women per 1000 men, the corresponding ratio for the 85+ age group will be 2684 to 1000 (see Fig. 3.3). In 2003 women were on average 3.2 years older than men, for the womens average age was 35.4 years while mens 32.2.

Table 3.5: Age structure of the Moldovas population

Age group

1995*

1996*

1997*

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0-4

337,905

318,245

298,565

244,964

229,349

215,264

204,039

195,241

5-9

424,724

411,677

391,446

322,388

304,896

288,968

273,407

258,291

10-14

403,667

412,186

423,194

367,741

366,934

361,581

350,745

334,311

15-19

364,576

366,219

369,419

323,253

334,342

343,042

353,422

363,089

20-24

310,987

327,086

341,019

296,681

301,878

305,849

308,739

313,511

25-29

279,905

276,986

274,859

229,539

236,842

253,576

271,668

285,403

30-34

338,746

317,761

301,055

241,093

233,338

224,946

221,244

219,603

35-39

357,549

363,293

363,134

299,885

290,985

276,645

259,489

246,405

40-44

329,837

324,716

324,424

279,471

285,857

291,305

296,272

296,399

45-49

216,477

257,877

286,075

260,832

267,438

264,765

261,370

262,340

50-54

198,400

176,601

158,757

127,319

140,657

169,715

203,391

227,157

55-59

214,894

210,887

212,973

170,501

161,156

152,113

135,951

122,390

60-64

177,715

176,956

179,539

152,220

156,445

154,597

151,820

154,564

65-69

163,070

162,442

161,897

136,067

130,541

126,904

127,242

129,201

70-74

115,097

116,378

115,826

100,584

103,793

106,405

105,831

106,526

75-79

53,754

57,708

64,223

60,300

64,996

66,550

67,930

68,006

80-84

41,146

38,676

34,654

26,975

24,993

25,349

26,959

30,713

85+

17,236

16,176

16,454

15,746

15,490

16,496

15,593

14,662

* Data are given for the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova.

 

Fig. 3.2. Age and sex structure of the Moldovas population, 2003.

Fig. 3.3. Number of women per 1000 men of a corresponding age


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Office 342, Building 3a, 1 Khoroshiovsky Proezd, Moscow, 125284 Russia
Tel./fax: (7-495)255-63-08, e-mail: Chief@actuaries.ru

 
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Tel./fax: (7-495)255-63-08, e-mail: Chief@actuaries.ru